The Development of Janes Character from Passionate Child to Independen

The Development of Jane's Character from Passionate Child to Independent Woman Jane's character changes monstrously over the span of the novel. In Victorian England, there were unmistakable limits of social classes and I expect to consider Jane's social rise, from a down and out vagrant to that of a cherished spouse. When Jane was a kid her folks kicked the bucket and she was sent to Mr Reed, her late mother's sibling. my own uncle - my mom's sibling in his last minutes he had required a guarantee of Mrs Reed that she would raise and keep up me as one of her own Her uncle kicked the bucket and she was left with Mrs Reed and her three cousins who all loathed her. They just took care of her due to the guarantee to Mr Reed. It was commonplace in Victorian England for a vagrant to remain with family members in such a case that they didn't they would be sent to the workhouse. They would either be cherished or loathed - like in Jane's case. Jane was an energetic kid who was not hesitant to face Mrs Reed or on the other hand John Reed. She was secluded and clarifies how disliked and sick rewarded she was at Gateshead on the off chance that anybody asks me how I enjoyed you, and how you rewarded me, I will disclose to them the very idea of you makes me debilitated Jane is a fearless, young lady and tells things as they seem to be. She acknowledges how gravely she was dealt with and tells Mrs Reed this not long previously leaving to go to class at Lowood. At the point when Mr Brocklehurst visited her at Gateshead, she was intense and let him know straightforwardly Songs are definitely not intriguing. This activity was not run of the mill of others in Victorian Britain, as they would not have replied so obtusely. Jane Eyre leaves Gateshead and goes to Lowood School, she frames coalitions with Helen Burns and Miss Temple, and she turns into a much ... ...character it assists with centering furthermore, underline the musings and sentiments of the essayist without feeling humiliated, rather it permits the essayist to hear their thoughts into society through another methods other than themselves. Notwithstanding, I don't accept that the entire novel is women's activist in light of the fact that a Victorian lady's goal was to wed and at long last this is the thing that Jane winds up doing. The period when Jane is at school is the point at which she figures out how to control herself and become progressively Victorian, however again in differentiation to this, it has been proposed that Miss Temple and Jane were something other than companions up until the moment that Miss Temple got hitched. I can't help suspecting that areas of the novel do highlight being 'women's activist', attempting to get people on equivalent footing, while a few segments are progressively run of the mill in the manner that they speak to Jane and a progressively regular 'Victorian' way.

Sears Kmart Merger Essay -- essays research papers

Because of moderate deals and less traffic at both Sears and Kmart, the two have chosen to combine making one element named Sears Holdings. Kmart has consented to purchase Sears for $11 Billion. This puts Sears Holdings at the third biggest retailer behind Wal-Mart and Home Depot. In spite of the fact that Wal-Mart is an immediate contender with Kmart, Sears Holdings objective isn't to rival Wal-Mart legitimately, yet discover territories that have been disregarded by different retailers, and exploit the extended line of items the new organization brings to the table. Singes has had higher deals than Kmart, so several Kmart’s will be changed into Sears stores. Starting at now, the greater part of Sears 870 stores are just found in shopping centers. The new technique is open Sears stores in momentum Kmart areas, to offer purchasers with an alternate assortment of items than what’s right now accessible from huge retailers like Kmart and Wal-Mart. Singes is referred to for selling things, for example, their selective line of skilled worker instruments and Kenmore machines. Later on these Sears special features will be found in Kmart stores, and Kmart special features, for example, Martha Stewarts line of housewares will be found in Sears. This merger will carry a wide cluster of items to a bigger gathering of customers. At present purchasers hoping to purchase home apparatuses like ovens or coolers need to go to a shopping center with a Sears store or a claim to fame store like Best Buy or Circuit City. Not all buyers live close to a shopping center, so purchasing from Sears may not be a choice. In spite of the fact that bot...

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Scrutinize - Essay Example In this subjective investigation, titled - Using a system of â€Å"structured conversation† to upgrade nature of instructional exercise time the creator Stephanie Robinson has proposed a particular methodology alluded to as â€Å"structured conversation† as a successful apparatus for improving the nature of instructional exercise time concerning understudies with ASD. The article was distributed in the Journal of Further and Higher Education (Vol. 32, No.1 February 2008). It is a universal companion surveyed scholarly diary engaged with distributing articles and book audits concerning worldwide issues identified with the field of learning and instruction, particularly those with learning inabilities (2009 [online]). The creator is a speaker and module pioneer for the PGCert.LTHE since 2003 and for the Brunel Associate Practitioner Pathway since. She is associated with different undertakings including furnishing further training especially to understudies with learning challenges and is centered around working with both the young people just as grown-ups with ASD. She has likewise been a piece of a program devoted to advancement and usage of preparing for staff showing kids or grown-ups with mental imbalance or Aspergers Syndrome (2009 [online]). Her accreditations and broad information in the field of training (and especially as to understudies with learning inabilities) sets up her as a commendable and appropriate authority inside the circle of research concerning custom curriculum. In this article the writer Stephanie Robinson, endeavors to inspect the â€Å"The effect of a method of organized discussion to improve an understudy focused way to deal with instructional exercise time for understudies with medically introverted range disorder† (2008., Pp.59) and proposes that the advancement of such a methodology can offer upgraded learning support in the present test of broadening assorted variety in the student populace. The reason for the article was relevantly

Promotion campaign for the Spring Collection 2012 of Swarovski Assignment

Advancement crusade for the Spring Collection 2012 of Swarovski - Assignment Example The report would include a few rules to choose special devices, and objective setting programs playing out the job of a supportable promoting plan. The prime expectation of directing this report will accentuate on expanding the yearly turnover of the company’s gem business which as of late was recorded to outperform its EUR 2 billion benchmark in the year 2010. In the year 2011, the organization was recorded to acquire income of EUR 2.22 billion from this specific business portion accomplishing around 10% development. Eminently, this portion can be viewed as the most able one with further development possibilities which is intended to accomplish a development pace of 15% in the financial year of 2012. Consequently, this specific goal can be accomplished with due criticalness to powerful and forceful advancements of Swarovski’s regular assortments which is very well known worldwide and will in general draw in the design sweethearts from the first class bunches all around the globe. Swarovski’s target clients, explicitly for the battle with respect to their Spring Collection, are seen to be the youngsters of the general public and the specialty part. It is because of the way that a large portion of the items under the most recent assortment are planned in a way which is increasingly appealing to the youthful age and will in general fulfill their wants with respect to trendy accomplices to a huge degree. Additionally, the cost and the highlights of the items are generally favored by the specialty style sweetheart individuals of the general public who can be expressed as the optional focused on client bunch for the Spring Collection 2012 of Swarovski. ... Henceforth, this specific goal can be achieved with due hugeness to powerful and forceful advancements of Swarovski’s occasional assortments which is very renowned worldwide and will in general draw in the style sweethearts from the tip top gatherings all around the globe. 2.0 Stakeholders Analysis 2.1. Client Analysis Swarovski’s target clients, explicitly for the battle with respect to their Spring Collection, are seen to be the youngsters of the general public and the specialty area. It is because of the way that the greater part of the items under the most recent assortment are structured in a way which is increasingly appealing to the youthful age and will in general fulfill their wants with respect to elegant assistants to a huge degree. In addition, the cost and the highlights of the items are generally favored by the specialty design darling individuals of the general public who can be expressed as the optional focused on client bunch for the Spring Collection 2 012 of Swarovski. Moreover, Swarovski likewise focuses on the adolescent gathering as its objective client bunch offering a flexible mix of structures and hues in the precious stone items (Swarovski, 2012). It is in this respects, the limited time crusade will be arranged taking into concern the inclinations of the youthful age as the dominant part extent of the focused on clients of Swarovski will in general have a place from this market section. The crusade will along these lines in a general sense center around the youthful clients of the urban zones between the age-gathering of 15 years (for example the high school gathering) to the age gathering of 27 (for example the youthful age). In addition, as the item extend will in general spotlight on the female segment of the focused on populace to a huge degree, the special battle will likewise be created taking this specific reality

Some comments on topics of interest

Some comments on topics of interest So, usually I stay away from College Confidential, as it has a way of making me despair of the state of humanity on the rare occasions that I do read it. Every so often, though, I follow Bens link to his CC comments, just to see whats happening in the exciting world of high schoolers and their parents being frantic about their stats and complaining about schools real or imaginary affirmative action policies. There was a thread last month, in the Parents Forum, which was discussing Marilee Jones article about the admissions process and the pressures put on students. It was quite a long thread which went on many different tangents. One of these tangents was about AP classes and the pressure to take them. I was surprised and interested at some of the comments (each of the paragraphs below is a different quote theyre not all part of the same statement). What would I like to see: inasmuch as Stanford says their students present an average of 5 AP, why not go a step farther. TELL students that the school will only look at the BEST 4 AP and will discard ALL the remaining from the file. Want to see students taking 3 SAT and no more: penalize students after the 3 tests by applying a dimninishing scale or discarding any tests after the 4th one. Why would this be so hard after all they put limitations on letters of recommendations, so why not limit AP to a REASONABLE level. And, no matter if this offends someone with 10-15 AP, such a number is RIDICULOUS. And very specifically the head of the UC systems admissions office stated that they like to see (read: you better do it) 17 semesters of AP by graduation. That year, the school board voted to open up many more AP classes and now, to remain competitive in context, the kids have 4 and 5 AP classes on their schedules. Now, go ahead nd tell any high schoolers who has Ivy League ambitions that he or she should not worry about AP before HS even start Now, I completely agree that it should not be a competition to see who takes the most AP tests. I am, however, disturbed that anyone would advocate penalizing a child who took many AP tests, or assume that a child who did so only did so because of pressure from elite colleges. Or arrange scheduling so that it was impossible for students to take more than 2 or 3 AP classes a year, as some advocated. Not to mention, I am shocked that the UC system would pressure high schools to pressure students to take more AP classesI suppose, given context like this, I can understand where some of the negative comments about APs come from. 10-15 APs is not a ridiculous number. Neither is 2-3. Or any number, really. It all depends on the kid. I had 14 (by year, this broke down to 1-3-8-2) and I had a life outside classwork. The thing is, Im not some (using the provided example) California kid who was told in 8th grade that I needed to take five million AP classes to get into an in-state school. Believe it or not, AP mania hasnt hit everywhere. In Kentucky, taking any AP classes is considered impressive, and not at all expected. You can get a special Commonwealth Diploma if you complete the Pre-College Curriculum and take four AP classes and three AP tests in different subject distributions, regardless of score. Of the thousands and thousands of Kentucky high school grads each year, only 9000 have received this special diploma since 1987. The point of the program is not to pile on pressure for the benefit of a high-caliber state university system, its to encourage students to attempt college-level work in a state where f or many, going to any college is seen as an impossible dream. I took AP classes because they were good classes, fun classes. They were mostly better-taught. I took AP French freshman year because French 3 was too easy. I took AP Art History because it was a more interesting way to get my county-required humanities credit than the schools lackluster general humanities classes. I took AP US Gov Politics out of love for the subject matter. I didnt take AP Bio, though I could have done so, because I didnt like the way it was taught. There were fun non-AP classes too. My favorite science class was a non-AP bio/biotech class, and I took dual credit creative writing, intro music theory, special topics in computer science, and a grad-level class in medieval French lit at U of L. But AP classes were the easiest way to access fun, exciting work with good teachers, and my school offered a lot of them, so I took them, fighting admins who told me I was biting off more than I could chew. Why, why, would you want to penalize a student for taking advantage of the challenging opportunities offered them? Rein in the UC system, the adcoms who prize APs at the expense of everything else, the parents who hound their kids to the point where parent and child have both lost perspective, the marketers who push all this. Dont rein in the kids. Another tangent had to do with summer academic programs. There appear to be two main schools of thought regarding this. One is Let the kids be kids and enjoy their summers, rather than having them pad their resumes with math camp. The other is For the kids who do these summer programs, this sort of activity is fun, and if a kid doesnt think its fun, they dont belong at an elite school anyway. I disagree with both of these positions, at least to some extent. I never did any summer academic camps or special programs, though I qualified for many. My parents are divorced and live over 400 miles apart, and to me, summer was time for spending with Dad. Going to the Duke Talent Searchs several-week programs, or other residential summer programs, would have meant several weeks less of time spent with him, and I was not willing to do that. This didnt mean that I did nothing during my summers. I read books. Lots and lots of books. Some people have freakish talents, and mine is speed reading (which helped with all those AP classes); I could sometimes go through three paperbacks in a day if I felt like it and have time left over to play. I pursued hobbies such as the study of civil liberties in constitutional law, using old law textbooks. I ran 45 miles a week to get in shape for cross-country. I swam and dove on summer league teams. I learned how to judge springboard diving from watching my dad, who took up judging as a hobby when I started diving, and asking him questions, and after I turned 15 I became certified to do it myself and volunteered at our meets. I also watched TV, lounged around, took walks, and wandered around the backyard making up stories while tossing a tennis ball against the side of the house and catching it. In other words, I wasnt productive all the time, nor was I doing, say, RSI. And I certainly wasnt thinking about how it would all look on a college application. But I was doing lots of things, fun things. If math camp is your idea of fun, more power to you. If its not, fine. What makes it either fun or resume-padding (or both), is whether youre doing it because you wanted to, or because you wanted to look impressive.

Some comments on topics of interest

Some comments on topics of interest So, usually I stay away from College Confidential, as it has a way of making me despair of the state of humanity on the rare occasions that I do read it. Every so often, though, I follow Bens link to his CC comments, just to see whats happening in the exciting world of high schoolers and their parents being frantic about their stats and complaining about schools real or imaginary affirmative action policies. There was a thread last month, in the Parents Forum, which was discussing Marilee Jones article about the admissions process and the pressures put on students. It was quite a long thread which went on many different tangents. One of these tangents was about AP classes and the pressure to take them. I was surprised and interested at some of the comments (each of the paragraphs below is a different quote theyre not all part of the same statement). What would I like to see: inasmuch as Stanford says their students present an average of 5 AP, why not go a step farther. TELL students that the school will only look at the BEST 4 AP and will discard ALL the remaining from the file. Want to see students taking 3 SAT and no more: penalize students after the 3 tests by applying a dimninishing scale or discarding any tests after the 4th one. Why would this be so hard after all they put limitations on letters of recommendations, so why not limit AP to a REASONABLE level. And, no matter if this offends someone with 10-15 AP, such a number is RIDICULOUS. And very specifically the head of the UC systems admissions office stated that they like to see (read: you better do it) 17 semesters of AP by graduation. That year, the school board voted to open up many more AP classes and now, to remain competitive in context, the kids have 4 and 5 AP classes on their schedules. Now, go ahead nd tell any high schoolers who has Ivy League ambitions that he or she should not worry about AP before HS even start Now, I completely agree that it should not be a competition to see who takes the most AP tests. I am, however, disturbed that anyone would advocate penalizing a child who took many AP tests, or assume that a child who did so only did so because of pressure from elite colleges. Or arrange scheduling so that it was impossible for students to take more than 2 or 3 AP classes a year, as some advocated. Not to mention, I am shocked that the UC system would pressure high schools to pressure students to take more AP classesI suppose, given context like this, I can understand where some of the negative comments about APs come from. 10-15 APs is not a ridiculous number. Neither is 2-3. Or any number, really. It all depends on the kid. I had 14 (by year, this broke down to 1-3-8-2) and I had a life outside classwork. The thing is, Im not some (using the provided example) California kid who was told in 8th grade that I needed to take five million AP classes to get into an in-state school. Believe it or not, AP mania hasnt hit everywhere. In Kentucky, taking any AP classes is considered impressive, and not at all expected. You can get a special Commonwealth Diploma if you complete the Pre-College Curriculum and take four AP classes and three AP tests in different subject distributions, regardless of score. Of the thousands and thousands of Kentucky high school grads each year, only 9000 have received this special diploma since 1987. The point of the program is not to pile on pressure for the benefit of a high-caliber state university system, its to encourage students to attempt college-level work in a state where f or many, going to any college is seen as an impossible dream. I took AP classes because they were good classes, fun classes. They were mostly better-taught. I took AP French freshman year because French 3 was too easy. I took AP Art History because it was a more interesting way to get my county-required humanities credit than the schools lackluster general humanities classes. I took AP US Gov Politics out of love for the subject matter. I didnt take AP Bio, though I could have done so, because I didnt like the way it was taught. There were fun non-AP classes too. My favorite science class was a non-AP bio/biotech class, and I took dual credit creative writing, intro music theory, special topics in computer science, and a grad-level class in medieval French lit at U of L. But AP classes were the easiest way to access fun, exciting work with good teachers, and my school offered a lot of them, so I took them, fighting admins who told me I was biting off more than I could chew. Why, why, would you want to penalize a student for taking advantage of the challenging opportunities offered them? Rein in the UC system, the adcoms who prize APs at the expense of everything else, the parents who hound their kids to the point where parent and child have both lost perspective, the marketers who push all this. Dont rein in the kids. Another tangent had to do with summer academic programs. There appear to be two main schools of thought regarding this. One is Let the kids be kids and enjoy their summers, rather than having them pad their resumes with math camp. The other is For the kids who do these summer programs, this sort of activity is fun, and if a kid doesnt think its fun, they dont belong at an elite school anyway. I disagree with both of these positions, at least to some extent. I never did any summer academic camps or special programs, though I qualified for many. My parents are divorced and live over 400 miles apart, and to me, summer was time for spending with Dad. Going to the Duke Talent Searchs several-week programs, or other residential summer programs, would have meant several weeks less of time spent with him, and I was not willing to do that. This didnt mean that I did nothing during my summers. I read books. Lots and lots of books. Some people have freakish talents, and mine is speed reading (which helped with all those AP classes); I could sometimes go through three paperbacks in a day if I felt like it and have time left over to play. I pursued hobbies such as the study of civil liberties in constitutional law, using old law textbooks. I ran 45 miles a week to get in shape for cross-country. I swam and dove on summer league teams. I learned how to judge springboard diving from watching my dad, who took up judging as a hobby when I started diving, and asking him questions, and after I turned 15 I became certified to do it myself and volunteered at our meets. I also watched TV, lounged around, took walks, and wandered around the backyard making up stories while tossing a tennis ball against the side of the house and catching it. In other words, I wasnt productive all the time, nor was I doing, say, RSI. And I certainly wasnt thinking about how it would all look on a college application. But I was doing lots of things, fun things. If math camp is your idea of fun, more power to you. If its not, fine. What makes it either fun or resume-padding (or both), is whether youre doing it because you wanted to, or because you wanted to look impressive.

Best 25 Travel Blogs for Students 2016

Best 25 Travel Blogs for Students 2016 We always wanted to make a rank-up of travel blogs geared to students. Sadly, we could not find blogs specific enough to fulfil this criterion. So we decided to use our text mining software  to filter out the ones that write about all things relevant to students. You may ask what could those be? Travel on a budget, learning while travelling, etc. How did we made this list? We checked tons of travel blogs and did text mining of their content: text terms, collocates, text themes, relevance to topics. Best Student Travel Bloggers: Autumn 2016 by Edusson #1 Melissa Douglas   https://www.highheelsandabackpack.com/ Melissa has a great blogs on all topics relevant to students. Featured destinations: USA, Korea, Italy, etc. Tone: I am a teacher, but also a bit of a student Why to read: she is charming and witty. Why to mention (if you are a blogger too): see above. #2 Koel Basu https://trip-n-travel.com Featured destinations: USA, Japan, Spain, Brazil, Morocco, etc. Tone: I know exactly what are 10 things to do in like   everywhere Why to read: specific itineraries, comparisons, packing and travel tips. Why to mention (if you are a blogger too): great selection of articles on Japanese food. #3 Brittany Thiessen https://www.brittanymthiessen.com/ Featured destinations: Canada, Mexico, etc. Tone: I do reviews, essays and travel guides, seriously. Why to read: lots of insider guidelines and most detailed reviews. Why to mention (if you are a blogger too): pictures of Canada places plus very thoughtful reviews. #4 Elly Rinaldis https://dancinginviolentfields.com/ Featured destinations: Australia, Greece, England, Ireland, etc. Tone: I am struggling between the constant need for money to travel and the battle between wanting to spend money on coffee dates. Why to read: she knows how to write. Why to mention (if you are a blogger too): if you are a FOMO girl / boy too. # 5 Sarah Kim https://www.talesfromafork.com Featured destinations: USA, France, the Netherlands, Czech Republic, etc. Tone: I love Julia Child. Why to read: Charming foodventures, a true epitome of this style. Why to mention (if you are a blogger too):   Ã¢â‚¬Ëœa go-to’ website if you write something like ‘10 places to eat in Savannah, GA’ # 6 Chase Robbins https://www.rootless.co Featured destinations: USA, Canada, Peru, France, Spain, Sweden, etc. Tone: You life is in your hands. Why to read: noted for ‘world-schooling attitude’ as well as travel inspiration and psychology. Why to mention (if you are a blogger too): travel bucket lists (yes, they are still there). # 7 Emma Mercury https://themessyheads.com/ Featured destinations: USA, Australia. Tone: I will clean your messy head while cleaning mine. Why to read: the artistic touch, poetry and inspiration. Why to mention (if you are a blogger too): because you need a mood board # 8 Kach Medina Umandap and Jonathan Howe https://twomonkeystravelgroup.com Featured destinations: seemingly, all over the world. Tone: we have been everywhere and built the ultimate list of it. Why to read: the ultimate lists of best budget hotels as well as DIY travel guides. Why to mention (if you are a blogger too): because your student readers must know the volunteering opportunities around the world. # 9 Hollie Lowes https://backpacksandbudgets.com/ Featured destinations: UK, US, Mexico, Japan, Thailand, etc. Tone: Your go to for everything travel. Why to read: if you admire packing and budget lists. Why to mention (if you are a blogger too): if you write about London and want to reference a gals packing list. # 10 Liz https://youngadventuress.com Featured destinations: New Zealand and Spain (very detailed) plus many more. Tone: Alpacas? I mean, my god, just look at their faces! How can you not love them? Why to read: if you love travel essays and really good travel photography. Why to mention (if you are a blogger too): if (and you should be) writing about best hates travel bloggers have this girl has got one of the best ever

Career Research Paper Career - 1677 Words

Running head: CAREER RESEARCH PAPER 1 Career Research Paper Alex Labanon California State University, Sacramento CAREER RESEARCH PAPER 2 Nick Carter once said, â€Å"It s like Forrest Gump said, Life is like a box of chocolates. Your career is like a box of chocolates - you never know what you re going to get. But everything you get is going to teach you something along the way and make you the person you are today. That s the exciting part - it s an adventure in itself†. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average worker currently holds ten different jobs before age forty, and this number is projected to grow. Forrester Research predicts that today s youngest workers will hold twelve to fifteen jobs in their lifetime. In class we received an assignment about career planning. I constantly dream about living in a huge house with two cars, and working in San Diego as a Family Counselor. In this assignment we assess our career aspirations, and possibly alternative career paths. I filled out three worksheets for my assignment; Natural Talents, Interests Checklist, and Exploring Your Day Dreams. In fi lling in the natural talents worksheet, I identified that I am an athlete, a great writer, and a critical thinker. This worksheet expanded my possibleShow MoreRelatedCareer Research Paper : Career1444 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Myoka EDUC 1300 10/25/2016 Career Research Paper The career I chose to undertake as my profession is that of a mechanical engineer. Why do I want to become a mechanical engineer? Well, for starters, I would be able to design, build and possibly repair many various machines and other technologies that are complex. These technologies can range from being already in use on a global scale to new, futuristic designs that are highly technical. Also, this career includes being a sort of jack-of-all-tradesRead MoreCareer And College Research Paper Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesCareer and College Research Paper I decided to go with a career in astronomy. An astronomer is a scientist who tries to understand the wonders of the Universe as well the wonders beyond our universe. Astronomers also study the stars, planets, and other galaxies (â€Å"Careers in Astronomy | IAU†). I chose a career in astronomy because I have always been fascinated by space and how the universe works. It is extremely important to understand education or training requirements, skills or talents neededRead MoreMedical Career Research Paper1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe medical field is a career path that brings about many options and opportunities of great value. The noble idea of being a doctor tends to cloud the diligent studying and precise training that is actually required for this career. I have wanted to become a doctor since a very young age, and now that the opportunity is here for the taking, I have fully researched what it takes to succeed in this profession and various specialties of the practice. Th e road to a medical degree is one filled withRead MoreCareer And College Research Paper1282 Words   |  6 PagesCareer and College Research Paper Ever since I started breathing I have been told the same simple phrase, ‘the sky s the limit,’ so I took it literally and now aspire become a professional pilot. This road is a divergent one in the fact that there are many differing variations of this occupation including becoming a commercial, airline, or corporate pilot, of which I have chosen the airline option. To elucidate, â€Å"Airline pilots fly for airlines that transport people and cargo on a fixed scheduleRead MoreCareer And College Research Paper Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesCareer and College Research Paper The career that I have chosen is to be a pharmacist. This is a very challenging career, but it is also very rewarding career personally and also financially. A pharmacist’s job is to fill prescriptions, observe how certain pills will react with other prescriptions, teach patients how to safely use the pills and warn them of potential side effects (â€Å"Summary†). I chose this career for many reasons. I chose this because it is a very interesting career to me and I wouldRead MoreCareer And College Research Paper1741 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish III 9 December 2016 Career and College Research Paper Identification and Description of Career The field I have chosen to study in college is psychology. In particular, I wish to obtain a PhD in clinical psychology. For the most part, psychologists study how humans interact with others and the processes of the mind by analyzing and taking notes on the behavior of the client and how they interact with the world around them (â€Å"Psychologists†). I chose this career, because I’ve always lovedRead MoreCareer And College Research Paper1348 Words   |  6 PagesCareer and College Research Paper â€Å"Chemical Engineering is not an easy major (at all), but if you can make it through to graduation day, you ll be in demand† (â€Å"Chemical Engineering†). A chemical engineer converts substances at tremendous sizes to form new substances or energy for the overall advancement of human life (What Is Chemical Engineering?). I have chosen chemical engineering as my future career because the way things are made has always intrigued me. I yearn to comprehend the finite structureRead MoreCareer And College Research Paper807 Words   |  4 PagesCareer and College Research Paper In my adult life, the ideal career for me would be an Aircraft Mechanic. An aircraft mechanic undergoes the work of scheduled maintenance on immense aircraft to make them perform and fly safely. In accordance with technical order standards set by the U.S. Air force. I chose this career for several reasons. My father has done this since he was 18 and it is an interesting and challenging career choice. An aircraft mechanic can be employed at a numberRead MoreCareer And College Research Paper947 Words   |  4 PagesCareer and College Research Paper Graduating from high school is vital for many different reasons, one of them being that it dictates the foundation of your entire future. Given that I am only in high school, I still have to take my future into my own hands, beginning with my pursuit to becoming an Obstetrician/ Gynecologist (OB/GYN). An â€Å"OB/GYN helps women with pregnancy, childbirth, general care and women with diseases in the reproductive system† (â€Å"Summary†). I chose this career because I wantRead MoreCareer And College Research Paper Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesCareer and College Research Paper A veterinary career is not a goal easily met, nor quickly met; but I know few people can say they love what they do, and the hurdles I will have to face are worth getting to be one of those people. Veterinarians come into work everyday, whether that be a clinic, farm, or lab, treating and diagnosing medical conditions in animals. Depending on the type of veterinarian, this can range from household pets to exotic or endangered species. This is something I have

The American Tax Code How Our Government s The Wealthy

The American Tax Code: How Our Government Subsidizes the Wealthy Tax deductions, credits, special rates and homeowner deductions will allow the richest 20 percent of Americans to receive more than half of the $900 billion in tax benefits in 2013 (CBO). America does not treat all sources of earnings equally. Currently, the American tax code’s approach to income tax progressivity is focused on economic models in which labor is the only source of income. Since the upper class often accumulates large quantities of wealth through assets and capital, the tax code lacks progressivity. With the omission of the refundable earned income tax credit, the American tax code perpetuates inequality by offering tax benefits that solely benefit the†¦show more content†¦A study by economist Thomas Hungerford of the Economic Policy Institute found that, â€Å"By far, the largest contributor to increasing income inequality (regardless of income inequality measure) was changes in income from capital gains and dividends† (HUNGERFORD). In order to comprehend the effects of reducing the capital gains tax rate, the Internal Revenue Service offers data on the top 400 earners average tax rates from the year 1992 till 2009. The very top 400 earners received an average tax rate of 26.38 percent in 1992, and it then dropped to 19.91 percent by the year 2009. When the date for the average tax rate for top 400 earners is graphed against the maximum capital gains rate, the relationship is nearly perfect with 95 percent of the changes in the average tax rate being accounted for by capital gains tax cuts. The data clearly shows that by lowering the capital gains tax, America is significantly increasing the wealth of the top earners and widening the wealth inequality gap. A common misconception that often prevents significant policy reform on this issue is the myth that decreasing tax rates on capital gains will dramatically help the economy. Since the 1950’s capital gains have been taxed at lower rates than income, and has been billed as a way to fuel economic growth (CNN). However, although a lower rate may spur risk-taking investments, it doesn’t have a proven correlation with economic growth. The Congressional Research Service analyzed economicShow MoreRelatedThe Misunderstood Rich Of An Albanian Family Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic values it had before, those same values that allowed my parents and I to live a better life. My parents and I are very hardworking people who work full time, and putting economic responsibility before anything. One mutual agreement within our household is that one man’s problem is not another man’s burden, and one has to be able to solve their own problems. While America was found ed upon these roots, it seems that the U.S is growing fond to socialist ideals. As the number grows and growsRead MoreCorporate Taxation And Economic Policy Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesTaxation and Economic Policy, it shows a clear-cut abuse by cooperation in our tax system. This study was conducted to examine the deferral income taxes paid or not paid by 250 of the U.S.’s largest corporations from 1996 to 1998. This period boosted a strong gain in profits for these companies, pretax corporate profits rose by 23.5 percent over the three years examined. This study closely examines on how corporate income tax revenues didn’t keep pace or come close to matching the profit increase.Read MoreReagan Revolution963 Words   |  4 Pagesthe great society programs 2) Tax code revision 3) government efficiency: sense of urgency for this, because of how transparent the government, and what it owed to the u.s. public. a. Reagan’s views and policies:: 1980’s high inflation and faltering economy, and regean promised to return the nation to economic promise. . Campaign had focused on a strong military and a scaled back federal government. (he specifically wanted the federal government scaled back, but it was okay to undergoRead MoreIs A Flat Tax Really Better Than Our Current Progressive Tax System?1398 Words   |  6 PagesIs a flat tax really better than our current progressive tax system? It is currently being contemplated as an alternative solution to the ever-increasing tax debacle in the United States. With such a significant and potentially life-changing event on the rise, it is vital to address the concerns involved. If implemented, the flat tax system would cause a loss of revenue for the government, greatly reduce IRS jobs, and negatively impact the lower income families. First, to understand the effectsRead MoreHow The Income Levels And Wealth Of Members Of Congress3291 Words   |  14 PagesCongressional Members by Income Introduction: My topic is the evaluation of how the income levels and wealth of members of Congress affects the bias of voting history and influences members to vote certain ways. I will be gathering data on members of Congress’ wealth and voting history. This topic is relevant because it will either prove that there is a correlation between the net worth of a Congressman and how if anything do his assets affect his voting (i.e. do subsidies influence voting recordsRead More The Issue of Tax Reform Essay2238 Words   |  9 PagesThe Issue of Tax Reform The issue of tax reform is not a new one. It has been debated since the founding of the very first modern government. At the heart of the debate is what the role of government should be in its citizen’s lives. In the United States the controversy over taxes has been central since the nation’s founding in 1776. To analyze the issue of tax reform one must first look at taxes and what they represent to the United States. According to the encyclopedia Britannica almostRead MoreObamacare And The Affordable Care Act1028 Words   |  5 PagesEver since this has been put in place, many Americans deny this, but it says that even if you aren’t 100 percent healthy it will still cover you, unlike regular healthcare premiums opposed that. Another benefit that is presented, it that you don’t have to have a high income or good health to be covered, the act says that it will cover you no matter what condition or state you are in. Although, ObamaCare is highly regarded as a bad or corrupt by many wealthy and middle class people because they makeRead MoreThe West Virginia Chapter Of Americans For Prosperity : Case Analysis1320 Words   |  6 PagesCHARLESTON, W.Va. — For Jason Huffman, state director of the West Virginia chapter of Americans for Prosperity, the congressional efforts to pass tax legislation is an opportunity to spur economic growth. This is a huge step for taxpayers. This is going to make American businesses competitive again, its going to put more money in the pockets of West Virginians and weve championed this issue since day one, he said. Yet from the viewpoint of Ted Boettner, who serves as the executive directorRead MoreTax Reform: Two Sides of the Same Coin700 Words   |  3 Pages Tax Reform: Two Sides of the Same Coin Tax season is upon us and many Americans are scrambling around trying to get theirs finished by the end of the dead line. This time of year is not a joyous occasion, everyone on edge most of them pondering how much they will have to pay. While others are wondering if they will get as much as they thought they will, or are they going to be one of the unlucky few to be audited? I am one of those people, anxious, and waiting at the edge of my seat for that hammerRead MoreTax Evasion Paper1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe Extended Arm of the United States Government in its Battle against Tax Evaders Professor: Kenneth Lavery Submitted By: Deanne Patterson Week 6: July 31, 2011 Taxes are a major contributor of the American economy. The tax system in the United States depends on voluntary compliance, which means that each citizen is responsible for filing a tax return when required and for determining and paying the correct amount of tax†. (Albrect, Albrect, Albrect Albrect and Zimbelman). When individuals

10 Facts About Gigantoraptor

Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge Essay - 1009 Words

Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge Today hostility is viewed upon as wrong, when A View From the Bridge was written, hostility made up part of the day-to-day running of people in this era. Today women are treated as equals and any discrimination is taken incredibly seriously, in the time the play written, women had very few rights and were constantly stereotyped and abused. Manliness, hostility and aggression play an important role in the play, A View From the Bridge. Each character has a different view on what it means to be manly and what manliness is. Eddie, the main character around which the play revolves, has a very specific view of what manliness exactly is. When other characters views clash with his own†¦show more content†¦He considers the following things manly such as strength, Come on, kid, put sumpm behind it, you cant hurt me. and Authority, Just get outta here and dont lay a finger on her unless you wanna go out feet first. He also thinks protection is manly, This guy aint right Beatrice. However his avoidance of his personal feelings also fall into Eddies version of masculinity, I dont know, B. I dont want talk about it. He considers the things like singing to be effeminate. After Rodolpho sings Paper Doll, Eddie tells him Because we never had no singers here this could be viewed in different ways. It could be either seen as he is simply trying to stop them getting noticed or that he doesnt like him singing, however later in the stage directions it says: Eddie is downstage, watching as she pours a spoonful of sugar into his cup, his faced puffed with trouble, and the room dies. He also thinks that Rodolpho is effeminate in the way that he acts. He just aint right, ya know what I mean? Rodolpho can be seen in many ways to be unmanly or effeminate, he sings, makes dresses for Catherine, wishes to become an actor/dancer/singer, wishes to visitShow MoreRelatedEssay on Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge1160 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Millers A View From the Bridge Manliness, Hostility and Aggression are all important in A view from the bridge where Eddie Carbone plays the main character he is a longshoreman working on the Brooklyn docks in New York. He tries to keep his status as the man in his household. He is very hostile towards Rodolfo because he thinks he is a homosexual. Marco knows Eddie feels this way about Rodolfo and is unhappy that Eddie feels this way about a member of his family. This createsRead MoreEssay on Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge909 Words   |  4 PagesArthur Millers A View From the Bridge A View From The Bridge is set in early 1950s America at a time when it was very common for illegal crime syndicates to transport illegal immigrants into America for large sums of money. It is based around a small family who decide to have two of their relatives imported from Italy so they can try and make some money for their poor families back home. The play covers many issues including aggression, hostility and the trueRead MoreArthur Millers A View from the Bridge Essay2309 Words   |  10 PagesArthur Millers A View from the Bridge A View from the Bridge is a story of Eddie Carbone an Italian longshoreman working on the New York docks. He is an immigrant who has worked hard to bring up his wifes niece, Catherine. His wife, Beatrice, is close to Eddie but the relationship between them is not good as they have been through a bad patch and have not had sex for some time. Eddie is too close to Catherine and is over protective about her. He loves her likeRead More Symbolism in Arthur Millers A View from the Bridge Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesIn Arthur Miller’s tragic drama, ‘A View from the Bridge’, we see that the bridge itself is a symbol of the linking of two cultures, Italian (namely Sicilian) and American (namely New York), whereby the manifestation of these two cultures dwell in Red Hook, Brooklyn. Despite this, differences between the two are distinctly evident from page 17 to 18, and it is the purpose of this essay to discuss how Miller conveys these differences in the given pages. Miller uses language effectively in this playRead MoreTension in Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge Essay1778 Words   |  8 PagesTension in Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge In â€Å"A View From the Bridge†, Arthur Miller explores a variety of themes in the relationships between the main characters in order to build tension for the audience. Firstly, through Eddie’s talk with Alfieri, we can see that he is jealous of Rodolfo’s relationship with Catherine, and his eventual loss of authority in his own house leads to anger and a desire to once again become the stereotypical alpha male. This createsRead MoreEddies Death in Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge Essay examples1237 Words   |  5 PagesEddies Death in Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge Arthur Miller described this play as being the slum that faces the bay on the seaward side of Brooklyn Bridgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the gullet of New York Arthur Miller was born on October 1915, in New York City. His parents were both immigrants to the USA. Millers family lived in prosperity due to the success of his fathers clothing manufacturing business. However as the clothing manufacturing collapse, the family became bankruptRead More The Character Alfieri in Arthur Millers Play, A View From the Bridge1055 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Miller, in his play A View from the Bridge, gives a different perspective of the story by focusing on the character Alfieri who makes the audience understand the real side of the play. Alfieri is a well educated lawyer who follows and respects the American law, but is still loyal to Italian ethnicity. In A View from the Bridge Alfieri is equivalent to the chorus in a Greek tragedy, meaning he introduces the play and narrates the story in flashback. He explains the events on the stage toRead More Eddie Carbone in Arthur Millers A View From The Bridge Essay2453 Words   |  10 Pageslead role in â€Å"A View From The Bridge†, changes among the audience. I plan to go through the script and note any important scenes which I will then analyse in the audience’s perspective. A View From The Bridge is a play written by Arthur Miller in 1955, which was originally arranged in rhymes but later was changed. Miller has written the play in conversational Brooklynese, for example, â€Å"nuttin’† and the spelling of many words end with apostrophes. In A View from the Bridge, Miller describesRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Willy Loman From Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge3092 Words   |  13 PagesCharacter Analysis of Willy Loman From Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge Arthur Miller introduces us to the character of Willy through the stage directions at the start of the play. Our first impression of Willy is that of an old, tired, hardworking man who gets home after everybody is in bed. We then learn that he has mood swings and massive dreams. As soon as Willy enters the house we get the feeling that something is wrong with the fact that he is home, asRead MoreTension in Eddies Relationship with Catherine in Arthur Millers a View from the Bridge1741 Words   |  7 PagesA View from the Bridge reflects Millers background in terms of its setting, plot and context. Miller was born in New York City in 1915. The son of two immigrants, he lived in prosperity until the American Economic Crash, in which his fathers business collapsed, causing deprivation to the whole family. They lived in Brooklyn, the setting of A View From the Bridge and Miller found himself interested in the work of longshoremen in the harbour, many of whom were exploited by their

Recording Industry Association Of America - 1144 Words

A lot of us love music and in this day and age it can be hard to come by, especially if you don’t have anyway to buy online. The sound of music can affect all of us and our emotions. When we want to be in a good mood we’d probably listen to an annoying and catchy tune through our headphones. We shouldn’t have to be in trouble for giving ourselves joy. Today, I’m going to try and persuade you why illegally downloading music isn’t wrong. While I’m trying to persuade you some terms may cause confusion allow me to define and point out these terms: RIAA: Recording Industry Association of America. MPAAC: Motion Picture Association of America. DRM: An orderly access for copyright protection in online media. Besonic, Free Music Archive, Jamendo,†¦show more content†¦Do I have permission from the creator or owner to have this song in my possession. If you answered yes to either of these questions the download is not illegal. Not having permis sion form the owner or being the owner yourself makes the material off-limits (â€Å"How to Tell Whether You are Downloading Illegally†). If you want to download safely try: researching for legal downloads, and asking the original owner for permission (â€Å"How to Tell Whether You are Downloading Illegally†). The web provides these valid sites that can download music safely (â€Å"7. Pros and Cons of Downloading and Streaming†). As you know the download is only illegal if the content is copyrighted. However, it’s okay to use some apps without having the law come knocking on your door. For instance, if you’re guilty of using apps like Spotify, you’ve been given a license to listen to it not the permission to own it (Price). Some applications used are giving you legal content you just have to know how to see that. Try doing your research with these sites or apps. If it has permission from the original creator or they’re the creator themselves the song was never illegally in your hands to begin with. If your wanting to operate a music downloader that is a big no from the law, unl ess you have the requirements to do so (Sanchiez). You could be thinking that the device is affected by this downloading from sketchy sites and apps. Well, if you don’t know what you’re doing it canShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Recording Industry Association Of America Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesRIAA in Protecting Intellectual Copyright This paper examines the role of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in protecting the intellectual copyright of recordings from illegal downloading, which continues to be a major problem for the recording industry despite repeated efforts to stop this practice by consumers. This role of the RIAA relates to the business and economic aspects of the recording industry and illegal downloads from online platforms. The RIAA’s role in addressing illegalRead MorePiracy, The Intellectual Property Rights Of The Recording Industry Association Of America1285 Words   |  6 Pages 1 Piracy is defined as illegally acquiring a private property, in this case, music, without paying for it. Piracy, therefore, violates the intellectual property rights of the recording companies, together called Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The intellectual property right being violated at hand is the copyright laws that the RIAA have. The biggest problem that the RIAA has with this violation is that they believe their sales are declining because of piracy. In fact, theRead MoreInternational Association Of The Phonographic Industry818 Words   |  4 Pagesitself as the largest music industry in the whole world, the music industry in the United States has different organizations and associations which represent different roles in the music industry and serve different purposes, constructing a structure of checks and balances. American record labels and distributors got RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America), the domestic representative of the IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry) in America, to represent them and monitorRead MoreRumours, by Fleetwood Mac Essay693 Words   |  3 Pagesaccording to the Recording Industry Association of America, Rumours was certified platinum in America and in the UK within months of its release (RIAA: Gold Platinum†). Furthermore, the album spent 31 weeks on top of the Billboard charts and won the Grammy award â€Å"Album of the Year† in 1 978 (Christgau, Robert. Christgau’s Record Guide†) (Grammy Rewind†). Additionally, as of this year, it is the 10th best-selling album in US History (Diamond Awards. Recording Industry Association of America†). As mentionedRead MoreEssay on MP3 File Sharing Hurts America929 Words   |  4 PagesMP3 File Sharing Hurts America Before the present time of computers and various media player technology, trading music files on the internet was practically unheard of. Today MP3 music files have become file format that is widely â€Å"swapped† over the internet. The problem with trading MP3s is that it violates copyright laws. However, this hasn’t stopped the tens of millions of file sharing software users who continue swap MP3’s. MP3 piracy is a costly business for many companies, and the disadvantagesRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Illegal File Sharing1571 Words   |  7 PagesMusic Industry in America is one of the most powerful music industries in the world and it consists of many record labels, nevertheless, the top three major labels are Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, and Warner Music Group. Most of music industries earn revenue by creating and selling their goods to music consumers and also music retailers. In the past, major labels or music companies sold their products th rough sheet music (the handwritten or printed form of music notation) thenRead More First Amendment And Music Censorship Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesauthority to monitor and decide what others should experience. The censorship of music lyrics is a violation of our First Amendment right, and public groups should not be allowed to bypass this right to censor obscene lyrics produced in the music industry. Through the decades, artists such as Elvis Presley, The Beatles, and The Rolling Stones have raised controversy over their seemingly explicit acts that are now viewed as legendary. Parents banned their children from watching Elvis Presley andRead More MP3 Piracy Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesPARAGRAPH: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The trading of MP3s or digital music over the Internet is all ways going to be prevalent part of the music industry, and is an unrealistic goal to try to control. The cost of controlling the piracy issues over the Internet would cost record companies more money than what they are losing due to MP3 trading. The record industry is trying to fight the major sites and companies in court with copyright suits. Quinlan states â€Å" Although downloading music over the InternetRead MoreMusic Business Journal Analysis1249 Words   |  5 Pagesjournal based in the United Kingdom. The two editors, JoJo Gould and Jonathan Little, are both lecturers, researchers, and writers in the music industry. When they saw that the music industry was underdeveloped in academic terms, the two founded the Music Business Journal to facilitate the sharing of information and knowledge across a range of music industry activities. Consultants for the journal come from a wide array of expertise and from all over the world. Countries represented are the U.KRead MoreThe History of Sound Recording Essay678 Words   |  3 PagesThe History of Sound Recording The methods used to produce, edit, and record music and sound have changed with the introduction of new sound technology. The compatibility of computer technology with music recording has led to large scale developments in computer-based systems, especially by home users. Modern computer technology in music and audio is fundamentally different in comparison to older magnetic tape recording techniques because it is digital. New computerised

Business and Management Internal Environment

Question: Discuss about the Business and Management Internal Environment. Answer: Introduction Businesses exist to make the profit. In the process of realizing investment returns, the observance of efficiency and effectiveness in the whole procedure is very vital. Therefore, the analysis of the critical aspects that may influence the management of the business functions becomes one of the fundamental issues to be addressed by the businesses. Management should scrutinize all the impactful aspects of the business environment to aid the business in achieving its core objectives. It is through these internal businesses factors whereby the tactical and strategic management decisions are made. This paper focuses on exploring the critical factors that impact management within the business context. Alternatively, the report will also determine how the managers can use these factors to make beneficial decisions for the success of the business. Internal Contextual Factors that Impact Business Business environment differs from one company to another. Likewise, impactful forces within the business vary from one to another. For example, there are internal factors that are more challenging than the others. Therefore, the management should make strategic and tactical decisions based on the effects of the internal factor to the operation of the business(Caldwell, 2006). This approach will help the management to establish varying degrees of controlling these factors. Alternatively, the management can make an effective decision which will enhance the condition of the internal business factors. Below, this paper is going to discuss how the understanding of the internal business factor is important for decision making within the context of the business. Internal Communication Business culture is built on internal communication(Kronsbein, Meiser, Leyer, 2014). Internal communication includes aspects such as policies, philosophical statements, newsletters, training materials and interpersonal relationships. Employees will be motivated if the internal business communication is courteous and shows respects to one another. Through internal communication, employees' achievements will be recognized. Alternatively, effective internal communication facilitates dissemination of instructions by the management to the employees. This enables the subordinates to execute their roles effectively as per the instructions of the supervisor. Again, internal communication offers an opportunity for the company management to issue company goals and missions and ensure that the company employees conform to them on long term basis. Structure Business structure affects day to day operations of the company(Tran Tian, 2013). Besides, organization structure determines how the activities are undertaken and managed within the business context(Herath, 2007). For example, the business structure may be sorted out in teams or departments. On the other side, the organization can be structured in such a manner that the company employees work with outsourced contractors. The structure will be impactful on the number of employees the company should hire, roles of employees, the collaboration of departments, the levels of hierarchy and the competency of employees to be engaged by the company. Therefore, the management should decide to adopt to the organisation structure based on the operations and activities of the business. For example, if the company aims to reduce the cost of workers the management can choose a structure that is based on contractual work. Organization Leadership Business leadership is one of the most impactful business internal factors. The leadership style adopted by the company management affects how the operations and activities. Besides, it influences the process of decision making within the organization and how employees interact with each other. Dawson (2006) noted that organization direction has cultural implications that determine the value of the company employees, the effectiveness of communication, the level of friendliness within the organization and either or the positive business internal environment. Therefore, the managerial leadership decisions should ensure that the critical leadership aspects that influence the success of the business are given priority. Alternatively, the organization leadership should be forward looking to for effective decision making. Employees Strengths. The vision of any company is to acquire highly qualified and competent personnel that will help the company to achieve its set objectives. The business with employees who possess the above qualifications which experience improved operations compared to the competitors. To improve the value and strength of business employees, management should establish strategies that will ensure that workers optimize their forces as they strife the company goals. Studies have found that highly motivated and talented employees tend to perform much better than unmotivated and less talented employees. Having found that employees impact effectiveness and efficiency of the business operations management should establish recruitment and selection policies and procedures that will enable the company to acquire best, competent and qualified employees. The management should also set up motivation mechanism to encourage the hard working employees. Financial Resources Finance falls into the category of one of the limited resources that the company may have. If the company is well financially endowed, it is likely to have a high competitive advantage compared to the competitors. However, this will only be possible if the company management can make a sound decision on the usage of the available financial resources. For example, the allocation of resources in the various department within the organization should be based on the requirements. Alternatively, the authority to use resources should be approved by an authorized officer to minimize misappropriation of these scarce resources. Failure to observe this internal factor may lead to the failure or closure of the business before it has attained either its short term or long term goals. How Decisions are made in the Organization Business decision making occurs at all levels of the company(Lunenburg, 2011). In support Bonito (2012) noted that there is no one unique way of arriving at a decision and thus a manager should not assume that whatever decision he makes is always right. Instead, business decisions should be made according to the situation at hand. Again, it should be noted that decisions affect the people working in the organization and thus participatory decision making will be effective for the success of the business(DuBrin, 2012). In the following discussion, this paper will analyze how effective decision making can be achieved within the business context. Some of the steps that the management should put into consideration include; Identifying the Problems. Before making any decision, the management should strive to establish the root problem(Shra'ah, 2015). Failure to trace the critical issue facing the facing may lead to wrong decisions(Gilboa, 2011). As the paper has noted above business is the collaboration of people, and therefore the manager should involve all employees in the process of identifying the problem derailing the operations of the business. Multiple Perspective Analysis. Once the problem is identified, the manager can make a decision based on the several approaches(Ehrgott, 2011). For example, the manager can base the making on the decision to counteract the reactions of the people to the new decisions. This means a manager will make decisions which are people friendly. On the other side, a manager can make a decision based on his or her creativity or experience. Short-Term Decisions Operational decisions help the business in carrying out day to day activities(Eisenfuhr, 2011). These decisions help to solve immediate problems resulting from the actions of the employees. Management should have these decisions in pale to govern the operations of the business. Follow up. Making a decision and failing to implement the same will be the wastage of time and resources. Therefore, the management should make a follow up to ensure that the decisions are implemented. Besides, a manager should obtain the feedback from the employees involved in the implementation. Conclusion Organization Internal factors are impactful to the operations of the business. They affect both short-term and long-term decisions of the company. Management should have a full knowledge of all these factors to ensure that business goals are achieved with efficiency and effectiveness. When making the decisions to resolve problems that may arise in the event of carrying out the business, the management should observe the four critical steps discussed in this paper. References Bonito, J. (2012). Interaction and influence in small group decision making. New York: Routledge. Caldwell, R. (2006). Agency and Change: Rethinking Change Agency in Organisations. London: Routledge. Dawson, P. (2006). Beyond conventional change models: A processual approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 34(2), 57-70. DuBrin, A. J. (2012). Leadership: research findings, practice, and skills. Mason: Cengage South-Western. Ehrgott, M. (2011). Trends in multiple criteria decision analysis. New York: Springer. Eisenfuhr, F. (2011). Decision making. New York: Springer. Gilboa, I. (2011). Rational choice. Cambridge: MIT Press. Herath, S. K. (2007). A Framework for Management Control Research. Journal of Management Development, 26(9), 895-915. Kronsbein, D., Meiser, D., Leyer, M. (2014). Conceptualisation of Contextual Factors for Business Process Performance. Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, 2, 12-14. Lunenburg, F. C. (2011). Decision Making in Organisations. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 15(1), 1-7. Shra'ah, A. E. (2015). The Impact of Decision Making Styles on Organizational Learning: An Empirical Study on the Public Manufacturing Companies in Jordan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(4), 55-61. Tran, Q., Tian, Y. (2013). Organisational Structure: Influencing Factors and Impact on a Firm. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 3(3), 229-236.

Ron Clark free essay sample

Ron Clark a young white, energetic, and idealistic teacher leaves his small North Carolina school to teach in a New York inner city elementary school, where he takes on the most unruly 6th grade class at Inner Harlem Elementary school. Mr. Clark believed he could turn the class around with innovative teaching techniques and a set of what he calls his essential rules. Clark quickly learns that he isnt going to be able to Just walk into the classroom, command attention with his smile and a set of rules; the first rule being We are family when none of the students in his class look ike him, or talk like him. In order to know how to reach them Mr. Clark must first understand his students individually and collectively. According to Covey (2003) before people feel that you understand them, they will not be open to your influence; we must walk a mile in the other persons shoes which is exactly what Ron Clark does. The character traits exemplified by Ron Clark in The Ron Clark Story (Haines 2006) are determination, integrity, optimism, courage, trustworthiness, humility, and a sense of humor. It was with a courageous heart and undying determination that Ron Clark was able to really understand how his students lived and felt every day. His lessons did not stop after the bell rang, in fact that was when many of the most valuable lessons began. Clark offered to make dinner for three siblings of one of his students just so that she could do her homework while her mom held down two Jobs. He ventured into dangerous neighborhoods to help another student choose to take the right path in life. In order to communicate at their level and to make learning fun Clark created and performed a presidential rap song to help the students memorize every president in order, and their historical contribution. Clark eventually gains the respect of his students and when they know how much he cares, they accept and live within the essential rules, and accept the consequences when a rule is broken. Covey states consistent rules, expectations and consequences should be understood and enforced, and indicates we act unkindly when we shield people from consequences of their own behavior (2003). One day Clark passes out in the classroom suffering rom pneumonia and when the doctor prescribes bed rest he continues teaching by sending videotaped lessons for the principal to play. By doing this Clark not only kept his promise to teach them, he also taught his students to be creative and to think outside of the box, along with reinforcing his devotion to their learning. There were several issues or dilemmas Mr. Clark had to deal with, but the one I chose to present is the day Mr. Clark lost control and gave up. Shameika Wallace the ringleader and the smartest girl in the class, made it her mission to get rid of Mr. Clark like several other teachers before him. One day Mr. Clark seriously lost his patience with Shameika, and expressed his anger, by violently shaking Shameikas desk, then he grabbed his backpack, said you win and he left the school without notifying anyone. At that moment Clark not only lost his patience, he also lost control, and gave up. All of the students were stunned, they had never seen or heard Mr. s The way Clark dealt witn the situation is what Covey calls tight or flight. Covey states there are many forms of flight, such as escaping involvement and esponsibility like many of the students in the class did, or like Shameikas sulking. Later that day a friend helped Clark to see that the helplessness he experienced at that moment with Shameika was what his students experience every day. This was an aha moment and Clark utilized this new found empathy as a teaching moment. With the fires refueled and his own code of ethics back in check, he was back in the classroom the following Monday with a fun grammar exercise. Students had to find the verb in the sentence Mr. Clark is a boomerang while every 15 seconds an ssigned student clanged the candy Jar for Mr. Clark to chug down a h pint of chocolate milk. One of the students asked another what a boomerang was. He made the lesson fun, and interactive. The lesson was relevant, students were engaged, they were motivated, and inspired but most of all they were glad he was back, which was the moment of full acceptance and commitment to rule number 1 we are family. Like the 6 or 7 teachers before him Mr. Clark experienced a sense of futility and had a lapse of Judgment when he threw his hands up and walked out on the kids, but his wn values of integrity, maturity and abundance mentality ultimately guided his decision to go back into the classroom. Had I experienced the same thing, I probably would have sent Shameika to the principals office and tried to gain control of the class. As teachers and leaders we have a moral responsibility to the students, and when they are unruly it is better for them if we let natural consequences teach responsible behavior. (Covey P. 128). Covey states that people may not like the consequences but we should care enough or them to suffer their displeasure. (P. 128). If however, I lost control and acted out in aggression the way Clark did, I would not have left the class without at least letting the principal know. Even if I felt that the only course of action left was to walk away from the situation, I still have an obligation and moral responsibility not to leave the minor children in my charge alone without telling another adult at the school, especially after an emotionally charged event. Covey states emotional maturity is the balance between courage and consideration. It is a delicate balance to maintain, and when he got his mojo back Ron Clark led his 6th graders to champion their test scores.

Essay Outline - How to Write an Essay Outline - Step by Step Guide

Essay Outline - How to Write an Essay Outline - Step by Step GuideAs you embark on writing your own essay, one of the most important things that you should have in your mind is how to write an essay outline. The process will help you organize your thoughts and help you come up with the structure that you will use to present your essay. If you don't know how to outline your essay then you will simply be writing sentences that you do not understand or sentences that lack meaning. That is never a good thing when you are trying to become a writer.An outline will help you focus your thoughts and help you organize them so that you can come up with the best outline possible. It will help you understand the kind of essay that you will be writing and will be able to predict how long it will take you to write it. You will also know exactly where you need to start writing and what things you need to include in your essay. And your reader will have a better understanding of what your essay is ab out.You can easily find outline templates online and in books. These should help you get started on how to write an essay outline. But the most effective way to write an outline is to use a template.When you use a template, you are helping yourself to focus on your theme and be able to see how much you will need to research when you finish your outline. Using an outline that was specifically made for your topic will make your essay easier to write and more productive.Once you have created your outline you will find that you will be able to organize your thoughts in a more organized manner. Many students like to cut their own outlines because they are able to write them and have them in front of them. However if you are having difficulty with coming up with an outline then you should start by going online and searching for different essay outline samples.Once you have found the template that is most effective for you, then you will be able to analyze your outline in terms of what is it talking about. How did you choose your topics? What do you want to say about your topic? Do you have specific things that you need to emphasize?The best way to go about how to write an outline is to go through the sample outlines and see what works for you. Make sure that you include at least one section from each template that you have chosen. This will allow you to pick the one that fits your needs and will help you to keep your essay organized and to help you develop the right structure that you will need for your essay.

August And Everything After free essay sample

This album was completely an impulse purchase, I admit. I had only heard one single by this group the chart-topping Mr. Jones, and I liked it a lot, so I thought Id take a chance and see if the rest of the album met the standard of Mr. Jones. It did. First, let me say that the way Counting Crows makes music reminds me of lonely dusty roads and dreamy summer days. I cant really describe the music its almost as if someone took the beautiful, meaningful lyrics of R.E.M. and combined them with the beat and musical ability of the Spin Doctors. It turns out, the entire tape is one haunting tune after another. Anna Begins is probably the most beautiful song on the album, and while it is a song about exploring the possibilities of love, Adam Duritz (lead vocalist and lyricist for Counting Crows) bypasses clichd moans of the beauty and power of love and instead regards this possibility realistically, pondering the causes and consequences of this inexplicable emotion. We will write a custom essay sample on August And Everything After or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is a wonderfully uplifting album, one I highly recommend to anyone tired of over-used love tunes and unmusical rap/techno. .

Human Suffering in Ancient Civilization essays

Human Suffering in Ancient Civilization essays Human Suffering in Ancient Civilizations Suffering is a facet of life that all cultures must learn to deal with. Whether it is religion or mythology, humans must find a way to explain suffering and more importantly, death. Death is the single most unifying aspect of all cultures after all, it doesnt discriminate. Ancient civilizations such as the Babylonians, Hebrews, and Greeks all had different mythology to explain the reasons behind suffering and death, but all of it is fundamentally the same. When life seems too harsh and unhappy, society will create a way to welcome death. This is true throughout the entire history of civilization, even today. However, in ancient times, it was much easier for the people to swallow because it also provided an explanation for all the unexplainable that occurred around them all the time. The concept of divine intervention seems to pervade Mesopotamian culture when concerning suffering and death. In Lament for Ur, the God Enlil punishes the city of Ur by summoning a hurricane that ravages the town until the people lay in heaps. This idea of divine intervention explaining the suffering brought on by a hurricane is the only way their ancient culture had of dealing with the random nature of such an event. Since there was no way of predicting a hurricane, it had to be an act of an angry and vengeful God. A view of pessimism resulted from the way Mesopotamia viewed suffering. If there was nothing that could be done to predict it, if no god can be prayed to for assistance, then how can one have an optimistic view of life? In Mesopotamian Wisdom Literature, the author conveys his frustration to the Gods. What is good for oneself may be offense to ones God/What in ones heart seems despicable may be proper to ones God, he bemoans, his pessimism towards the gods and life in general a direct result of the suffering he has en...

Lufthansa case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lufthansa - Case Study Example The company uses internet ticket booking, instead of the traditional agents located in the company’s operational strongholds (Davies 2010, 41). Internet ticketing has been touted as one of the cost drivers in most of the service industry. It is ineffectual to use agencies in the current market trends owing to various reasons, as highlighted in market dynamics. The involvement of agencies means that there has been a good relationship between Lufthansa Airlines and their clients, a third party. For that reason, it will call for a reduction of their profits to sustain the agents in the supply chain. It is thus advisable to deal directly with customers through internet ticket booking. Security concerns such as cybercrime are synonymous with all sorts of online transactions. In the main, they are initiated by people who need to hijack people’s business trails. All the same, in the long term, this is a sustainable business model for Lufthansa Airlines (Davies, 2010, 72). Comparison of the industry wages with those of Lufthansa Airlines show a noticeable gap. This is because of the initiative to hire fewer workers in their teams. As a result, Lufthansa Airlines has managed to offer competitive remuneration to employees, at the same time saving on the resulting

Vice President of a Supply Chain Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vice President of a Supply Chain - Case Study Example In other words, effort should be made to ensure safe passage of the goods being supplied at each stage along the supply chain. Efficiency can be achieved through implementing various measures. It is also essential for businesses and suppliers to create quality relationships in order to improve their operations in the supply chain. Thus a clear supply network ought to be created so as to be in a position to achieve the desired goals. This is known as the value delivery network which is made up of the firm, suppliers, distributors and ultimately customers who partner with each other to improve the performance of the entire system (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). In such a scenario, all the parties involved should be coordinated in such a way that there is efficient passage of the goods from one point to the next. The channels upon which the goods will be delivered should be clearly identified so as to avoid confusion. Transport logistics ought to be clearly defined so as to enable the suppliers to efficiently move different goods and products from one point to the other. The other measure that can be taken in order to ensure efficiency is to make sure that the goods supplied do not outstrip the capacity to store them. This means that the inventory at one stage should not be larger than the storage place available. In order to measure the benchmarks of success of this initiative, I will make a follow up to ensure that there are no breakages and that all goods have been delivered as per expectations. It is also imperative to engage all members involved so as to be able to gain feedback from them to ascertain if they are satisfied with the distribution system implemented by the suppliers. The limited number of breakages and complaints from the customers is another benchmark that can be used to make sure that the initiative has been a success. The period taken for a particular product to be delivered from the manufacture to the retailer can also be used

Global Financial Crisis: Aviation Industry Impact

Global Financial Crisis: Aviation Industry Impact Abstract The basic aim behind to conduct a research analysis on the affects of the global financial crisis with specific to the aviation industry. The research will help to actually analyze the after affects of the financial crisis. As we all know that aviation is one of the most important pillars of the global economy of the world. And also this sector provides millions of jobs globally and contributed heavily in the global GDP. This sector is also the most important and the most efficient mode of transportation. It provides the transportation services all over the world. So as the global financial crisis which was born due to the failure of the major financial institutions caused the drastic impacts on the world economy. And as the aviation is the important part it also got affected heavily by the crisis. Due to which this aviation sector which is one the fastest growing industry has to face negative growth rate. Also the aviation sector has to face huge losses. Some aviation companies was able to bare such huge losses but there is a big number of those aviation companies who do have capacity to bare such huge losses so they go bankrupt after the global financial crisis. CHAPTER 1: Introduction Introduction 1.1 Overview The global financial crisis was triggered in 2007 8 mainly in developed countries like United States of America. After that the crisis entered in the European countries and after a few days the crisis just take the whole of the world under its impact. Almost all of the countries in the world got affected by this financial crisis directly or indirectly. This financial crisis was born due to the failure of the major financial institution of these developed countries. These financial institutions include banks like Lehman Brothers, Bear Steams and etc. These main financial institutions of the United States are the main reason behind the financial crisis. Te global financial crisis caused impacts on almost each and every industry of the world. The key businesses which were showing good positions and were experiencing good growth experienced negative growth because of the financial crisis. Also the consumer wealth faces the billions of dollars loss due to the financial crisis. That is wh y this global Financial Crisis is thought to be the worst financial crisis after the great Depression of twentieth century. The main reason behind the failure of the financial institutions was the artificial bubble of the housing sector of U.S.A. This artificial bubble got height in 2006 and suddenly it burst in year 2007 8 and caused the values of the securities which were tied to the Americas real estate to massive decline. This caused the miss balance in the financial institutions of U.S.A as around 50% of their advances were given on the housing sector. As the value of the real estate falls and so do the financial institutions. And as result of which these financial institutions has bare losses of around $2.3 trillion. This is also the main reason that the most strongest financial institutions go bankrupt after baring such huge losses. As aviation is one of the most important pillars of the global economy of the world. And also this sector provides millions of jobs globally and contributed heavily in the global GDP. This sector is also the most important and the most efficient mode of transportation. It provides the transportation services all over the world. So as the global financial crisis which was born due to the failure of the major financial institutions caused the drastic impacts on the world economy. And as the aviation is the important part it also got affected heavily by the crisis. Due to which this aviation sector which is one the fastest growing industry has to face negative growth rate. . Also the aviation sector has to face huge losses. Some aviation companies was able to bare such huge losses but there is a big number of those aviation companies who do have capacity to bare such huge losses so they go bankrupt after the global financial crisis. 1.2 Background Information The global financial crisis hit the world economy in 2008 and left drastic affects on the world economy, especially the growing industries. The crisis arose first in U.S.A and Europe due to the failures of the main financial institutions. This failure of some financial institutions, lead to the biggest financial crisis after the great depression. The main reason behind the failure of the financial institutions was the artificial bubble of the housing sector of U.S.A. This artificial bubble got height in 2006 and suddenly it burst in year 2007 8 and caused the values of the securities which were tied to the Americas real estate to massive decline. This caused the miss balance in the financial institutions of U.S.A as around 50% of their advances were given on the housing sector. As the value of the real estate falls and so do the financial institutions. And as result of which these financial institutions has bare losses of around $2.3 trillion. This is also the main reason that the m ost strongest financial institutions go bankrupt after baring such huge losses. Impact on Aviation sector As the global economy was disturbed due to this financial crisis of 2008 so Aviation being as one of the main pillars of global economy, it also got affected. As aviation is the main source of transportation throughout the world. The crisis had deeply struck this growing industry. Due to global financial crisis the aviation industry had experienced the negative growth. The impact of the crisis was so huge that a big number of airline companies go bankrupt and those who survived still had to face huge losses. Importance With Respect To The World The global financial crisis is of great importance to the global economy as it has caused drastic impacts on the global economy. Most of the economies of the developed nations are heavily affected by the crisis. It causes the negative impact on almost all of the global businesses. The global financial crisis, brewing for a while, really started to show its effects in the middle of 2007 and into 2008. Around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial system The aviation throughout the world faces the losses in their revenue because of the increasing oil prices and the global financial crisis. Many of the small airlines as well as some big airlines companies go bankrupt. Importance With Respect To Pakistan The Pakistani economy is not as badly affected as that of other countries by the global recession of 2007-2008. The global financial crisis that hit the world very severely has not left many impacts on the economy of Pakistan. Just as the economy has remained safe from getting adverse impacts, the Pakistan International Airline has not been affected that badly either. However, the year 2008 failed to bring any crucial improvements in the overall and financial performance of Pakistan International Airlines. The conundrums, the issues and the problems of the previous years remained and hindered the progress. These similar problems led to further loss and at the end, the company had to bear a higher net loss than the previous year. A short study of the year 2007 shows that during that year, the company went through several unpleasant experiences. It had to face a number of financial, marketing and operational problems. Operating restrictions which were imposed by the European Union duri ng the first few months of the year, led to great disruption in the Pakistan International Airlines schedules and also caused great curtailment in the capacity. During all this, the Pakistan International Airline lost market share. This made the conditions even more difficult for the Pakistan International Airlines. The tremendous increase in the oil prices, which had never been seen before, put adverse effects on the PIAs bottom line. PIA was left with no other choice but to bear the load and burden of paying for the expensive fuel. Moreover, the increase in the salaries if certain categories of personnel and depreciation of the rupee towards the end of the year, both aggravated the situation. 1.4 Research Question There are many reasons that I have chosen this topic of Impact assessment of global financial crisi on the aviation industry. First of all since child the air planes really used to fascinate. It was my dream to become a pilot but I couldnt make to that. But I want to join aviation sector after my studies as I am trying to get admission in Emirates School of Aviation to do MBA in aviation management. That is why I have chosen this specific topic to do research. I think that I have find and learn a lot of new things, facts and figures about aviation industry. So I really want to know about the ups and down in aviation sector. The scope of the research is basically to focus on how the global financial crisis has cause impacts on aviation industry or how GFC has affected the aviation sector specifically. And also to analyze different factors involve in affecting this fastest growing sector of the world. Bay basic Research Question is How the global financial crisis has cause impact on AVIATION INDUSTRY. CHAPTER 2: Literature Review Literature Review The literature review will focus on the issues and the reasons that how the Global financial Crisis has affected the Aviation Industry as a whole, it will mainly be focusing on the different factors involved that affect the aviation. 1 Peter Morrell in his articles Can long haul low cost Airlines be successful talks about low cost airlines. Author says an important task is to determine if LCC business model which is largely short haul can work over long haul sectors or not. This paper examines the advantages of LCCs including the cost and it also appraises how far they can be applied to long haul sectors. The author says that it is seen that the cost advantages might be much lower than approximately 50-60% on short hauls. He also says that the factors such as the implementation and acceptance of some LCC features by network airlines and their anticipated response, the limited potential for market stimulation, the need for dense markets and feed traffic all cast doubt on the prevailing establishment of the business model for long-haul fights. 2 Jacob Denaro in his article Aviation says that due to the worlds energy crisis, there has been as increase in the cost of fuel which has affected U.S. international air carriers adversely. According to the author, the cost of fuel on international air routes increased up to three times than that of domestic jet fuel because it was not under the influence of federal price controls. This aroused the need for subsidies to cover these high fuel bills since Nov,1973. The airlines position was approved by the Chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board. While the issue stayed unsettled, Pan Am asked the Board for the right to arbitrate the consolidation of trans-Atlantic services on the basis that the rapidly increasing fuel prices had plunged it into a financial crisis. Pan Am also asked for the permission to discuss with TWA the possible consolidation of operations, coordinated services and sharing of revenues on trans-Atlantic routes. TWA approved of his position before the Board and filed a petition of its own. The Justice Department stated that the proposition would decrease competition and would prove to be detrimental to the public. The Departments Anti-Trust Division mentioned that pooling would not make the financial impact of the fuel situation any less acute, international air travelers are provided better sevice because of the system of competition which is there, and that the pooling arrangements decrease the incentives to provide both economical and efficient services. These and some other reasons were behind the opposition to the airlines request. 3 Dr. Geraint Harvey Professor Turnbull in their report The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Labor of the Civil Aviation Industry say that civil Aviation is an important and indispensable part of the world economy. It affects activities from every sphere of life and provides employment to a great number of people. This industry provides 31.9 million jobs all around the world. At first, the industry suffered greatly at the hands of the attacks of Sept11,2001 and is now adversely affected because of the global financial crisis. The financial crisis hit the employment in the airline industry as many people have lost their jobs. Managerial authorities believe that it may take years to restore the industry to its normal condition. The study discusses the ways in which the job losses have been taken care of or dealt with. 4 Novie John Prof. Peter Jones in their article The Impact of Economic Downturn in the Flight Catering Industry say that the number of air passengers has greatly decreased which has led to different flights being cancelled. Customers have turned to more economical and cheaper alternatives. So, different companies are compelled to lessen the fares while providing the same standard services. Buying approach has changed. People now try to find cheaper alternatives and solutions. Some people say that all the sectors are equally affected by the present recession. The number of the business class passengers has reduced which has left a great impact on the scheduled airlines. Effects are felt differently of the current recession in the different parts of the world. American economy and the European economy have suffered the most in the recent crisis. Many people believe that the impact of the crisis will only remain for a short time whereas some believe that it may take as long as 5 years. 5 Markus Franke and Florian John in their article What Comes Next After Recession? Airline Industry Scenarios and Potential End Games say that the economic crisis of 2008 has proved to be more severe than that of 2001/2003. Airlines tried their best to minimize their operating costs and operating expenses but still they failed to bypass the effects of the global recession. Also, the process of recovery in profits has been very slow in various airlines. Although a decrease in demand was expected, the crisis caused many other effects that were not expected by any of the experts. During the recession of 2008, the fuel prices rose dramatically which reduced the profits extensively. This recession led to a huge decline in the demand for air travel. Most airlines around the world reacted immediately in 2008 as they reduced their capacity in the short run. And also many of the small airlines have to close down their operations and also go bankrupt as well. 6 Muhammad Usman in his article Global Financial Crisis: Its Impact On Developing Countries And Lessons For Pakistan says that the recession of 2008 was the worst financial crisis ever experienced after the Great Depression of 1930s. This financial crisis arose due to the failure of the major financial institutions of the United States of America including the leading banks like Lehman Brothers. The impact of this financial crisis also caused drastic impacts on the European economy resulting in the downward trends in the stock exchange and also a significant impact on the value of different subprime mortgages at the same time. The recent financial crisis also caused negative impacts on the world economy as a whole. Almost each and every aspect of the global economy got affected by the financial crisis. Economy of Pakistan being part of the global economy also got affected by the global financial crisis. But as Pakistani economy is already facing so many problems do get that much affect ed by the financial crisis. 7 A Google Book Aviation Industry Performance says that the aviation industry had to face many challenges during the year 2008. Many passengers even changed their preferences and demands which worsened the condition. Operating costs also increased due to increase in the fuel prices. Both , the increase in oil prices and the recession led to service terminations and many bankruptcies. After the recession of 2008, different companies took steps to cope with the situation. They achieved the target of improving the economic conditions by cutting costs and increasing the fares. The number of domestic scheduled flights was reduced. The airlines that used small air crafts were forced to eradicate them or minimize their number. Soon, reduction in the number of scheduled flights was seen and the companies reduced the fares to increase the demand until new capacity cuts were introduced. (Elizabeth Tinoco director ILO Sectoral Activities Department) Aviation industry supports 31.9 million jobs globally. Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). Before financial crisis Aviation industry had an annual growth rate of 7 % to 9%. Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). In Oil Crisis of 1979-80 and Asian Financial Crisis the Aviation industry grew at least 2% annually. Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). Only three times the Aviation industry have seen the negative growth. Neil Dias Karunaratne (2009) Global financial Crisis deeply effect the Aviation Industry. Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). Drop of 6.1%of overall air traffic was recorded in 2009 CHAPTER 3: Methodology Methodology The topic of my research is Impact Assessment Of Global Financial Crisis On Aviation Industry. The methodology will tell us as to what models to apply and on the basis of that results will be formulated and interpreted and the most affecting variable will be verified. Research Type: The type of research which I will be conducting is quantitative in nature. As the data of my research is mainly secondary and mostly its in numbers so qualitative does not suite my research topic. As there are lots of numeric data involved in my research so I have to run different statistical models which are only possible in quantitative type of research. Data Type and Research Period: Data used in my research will be secondary in nature. The data could in form of time series data gathered from various databases. The reference period of data used in my research is of five years ranging from 2005 to 2009. Sources of Data: Data for my research will be most likely taken from several databases and related websites. The major sources of data collection are the reports, working papers and actual facts of Air Carrier Traffic Statistics, IATA, WDI, ILO, JSTOR etc. data of oil prices will be taken from OPEC web site. Data on tourism will be taken from WDI and data on GDP will also be taken from WDI and different economic surveys. Data on unemployment, less travel demand and couriers will also be gathered. Theoretical Framework Operational Definitions: Aviation: means science and technology of flight through air i.e. airlines 9/11: attack on the world trade centre. GFC: Global Financial Crisis. SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. GDP: Gross Domestic Product. Financial Markets: is a mechanism that allows people to buy and sell (trade) financial securities (stocks and bonds), commodities (precious metals) and other fungible items of value at low transaction cost. Asian financial crisis: The Asian Financial Crisis was a period of financial crisis that gripped much of Asia beginning in July 1997, and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown due to financial contagion. RPK: Revenue Passenger kilometer (RPK) is a measure of a passenger traffic for an airline flight, bus, or train calculated by multiplying the total number of revenue-paying passengers aboard the vehicle by the distance traveled measured in miles Techniques: The technique to be carried out for research will be Regression analysis. Regression analysis is a statistical technique which is used to determine the relationships between variables. It involves modeling and analyzing variables relationships between one dependent variable and several independent variables. Data Analysis: The statistical softwares to be employed for research purpose are Minitab, Statgraphics and EViews. Regression for each variable will be run. The research will also use graphs and tables for illustration. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS H0: Global Financial Crisis has not cause significant impacts on Aviation Industry. HA: Global Financial Crisis cause significant impacts on Aviation Industry. H0: Crude Oil Prices has not significant effect on Aviation Industry. HA: Crude Oil Prices have significant effect on Aviation Industry. H0: GDP growth has not significant effect on Aviation Industry. HA: GDP growth has any significant effect on Aviation Industry. H0: Inflation rate has not significant effect on Aviation Industry. HA: Inflation rate have any significant effect on Aviation Industry. H0: Unemployment rate has not significant effect on Aviation Industry. HA: Unemployment rate have any significant effect on Aviation Industry. CHAPTER 4: Results and Analysis Results and Analysis RESULTS Multiple Regression Analysis Dependent variable: Registered Carrier Departures Standard T Parameter Estimate Error Statistic P-Value CONSTANT 1.17957E7 1.17689E6 10.0227 0.0000 Crude Oil Prices 36212.5 6652.45 5.44348 0.0001 GDP Growth % -50451.8 93127.7 -0.541749 0.5959 Inflation annual % -541064.0 104745.0 -5.16555 0.0001 Unemployment % -547932.0 133271.0 -4.11141 0.0009 - Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Model 2.10578E13 4 5.26444E12 22.98 0.000 Residual 3.4357E12 15 2.29047E11 Total (Corr.) 2.44935E13 19 R-squared = 85.973 percent R-squared (adjusted for d.f.) = 82.2325 percent Standard Error of Est. = 478588.0 Mean absolute error = 323221.0 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1.67531 The StatAdvisor The output shows the results of fitting a multiple linear regression model to describe the relationship between Registered Carrier Departures and 4 independent variables. The equation of the fitted model is Registered Carrier Departures = 1.17957E7 50451.8*GDP Growth % -541064.0*Inflation 36212.5*Oil Prices 547932.0*Unemployment % Since the P-value in the ANOVA table is less than 0.01, there is a statistically significant relationship between the variables at the 99% confidence level. The R-Squared statistic indicates that the model as fitted explains 85.973% of the variability in Registered Carrier Departures. The adjusted R-squared statistic, which is more suitable for comparing models with different numbers of independent variables, is 82.2325%. The standard error of the estimate shows the standard deviation of the residuals to be 478588.0. This value can be used to construct prediction limits for new observations by selecting the Reports option from the text menu. The mean absolute error (MAE) of 323221.0 is the average value of the residuals. The Durbin-Watson (DW) statistic tests the residuals to determine if there is any significant correlation based on the order in which they occur in your data file. Since the DW value is greater than 1.4, there is probably not any serious autocorrelation in the residuals. In determining whether the model can be simplified, notice that the highest P-value on the independent variables is 0.5959, belonging to unemployment. Since the P-value is greater or equal to 0.10, that term is not statistically significant at the 90% or higher confidence level. Consequently, you should consider removing GDP Growth % from the model. Regression Analysis Crude Oil Prices: H0: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 0 HA: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0 ÃŽÂ ± =0.01, Çâ‚ ¬test statÇâ‚ ¬ > tc tc = 2.539 t-stat=5.4438 >2.539 Sign of t-stat is not the same as expected. We do not reject Ho as the coefficient of the crude oil prices is not coming out to be significant at 1% level of significance. GDP Growth %: H0: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0 HA: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 0 ÃŽÂ ± =0.01 tc = 2.539 Çâ‚ ¬test statÇâ‚ ¬ Çâ‚ ¬o.541749Çâ‚ ¬ Sign of GDP Growth % is not the same as expected. We do not reject H0, as the GDP Growth is not coming out to be significant at 1% level of significance. Inflation % H0: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 0 HA: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0 ÃŽÂ ± =0.01 tc = 2.539 Çâ‚ ¬test statÇâ‚ ¬ > tc Çâ‚ ¬-5.16555Çâ‚ ¬ > 2.539 Sign of tstat is the same as the expected sign of HA We reject H0, as annual inflation is coming out to be significant at 1 % level of signifance. Unemployment H0: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 0 HA: ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0 ÃŽÂ ± =0.01 tc = 2.539 Çâ‚ ¬test statÇâ‚ ¬ > tc Çâ‚ ¬-4.11141Çâ‚ ¬ > 2.539 Sign of tstat is the same as the expected sign of HA We reject H0 as unemployment rate % is coming out to be significant at 1 % level. Interpretation of the Variables: The no of registered carrier departure will be equal to 11795000, if all other independent variables are equal to zero. The Coefficient of the crude oil prices is coming to be positive, which is not true. This could be because of some unobserved factors that are causing positive biasness in crude oil prices variable. Crude Oil If crude oil prices will increase by $1 then the number registered carrier departures will increase by 36212.5, keeping all other variables constant. GDP growth % If GDP growth will go up by 1%, the no. of registered carrier departure will decrease by 504.518 departures, keeping all other variables constant. Inflation % If the inflation in the US economy will increase by 1%, then the number of registered carrier departures will decrease by 5410.64 number of flights, keeping all other variables constant. Unemployment rate % If the unemployment rate in the us economy will increase by 1 % the registered carrier will decrease by 5479.32 number of flights, keeping all other variables constant. R square The simpler commonly used measure of fit is the coefficient of determination, R2. The coefficient of determination is explained sum of squares to the total sum of squares. R2= The higher the R2, the closer the closer the estimated regression equation fits the sample data. Measures of this type are called goodness of fit measures. The goodness of fit explains the variation of Y around Ã…Â ¶. R-squared = 85.973 percent R-squared (adjusted for d.f.) = 82.2325 percent The R-squares of this regression is 85.973 percent which is really good. Conclusion The global financial crisis was triggered in 2007 8 mainly in developed countries like United States of America. After that the crisis entered in the European countries and after a few days the crisis just take the whole of the world under its impact. Almost all of the countries in the world got affected by this financial crisis directly or indirectly. This financial crisis was born due to the failure of the major financial institution of these developed countries. These financial institutions include banks like Lehman Brothers, Bear Steams and etc. These main financial institutions of the United States are the main reason behind the financial crisis. Te global financial crisis caused impacts on almost each and every industry of the world. The key businesses which were showing good positions and were experiencing good growth experienced negative growth because of the financial crisis. Also the consumer wealth faces the billions of dollars loss due to the financial crisis. That is wh y this global Financial Crisis is thought to be the worst financial crisis after the great Depression of twentieth century. As aviation is one of the most important pillars of the global economy of the world. And also this sector provides millions of jobs globally and contributed heavily in the global GDP. This sector is also the most important and the most efficient mode of transportation. It provides the transportation services all over the world. So as the global financial crisis which was born due to the failure of the major financial institutions caused the drastic impacts on the world economy. And as the aviation is the important part it also got affected heavily by the crisis. Due to which this aviation sector which is one the fastest growing industry has to face negative growth rate. . Also the aviation sector has to face huge losses. Some aviation companies was able to bare such huge losses but there is a big number of those aviation companies who do have capacity to bare such huge losses so they go bankrupt after the global financial crisis. Ethical Issue: Refusal of Treatment Ethical Issue: Refusal of Treatment Introduction The broad scope of nursing practice demands familiarity with the all of the ethical, professional and legal issues relating to clinical practice. The Nursing and Midwifery Council standards of conduct, performance and ethics require that nurses provide high standards of practice and have a duty of care to all patients (NMC 2007). This paper discusses the case of Alastair and explores the ethical, professional and legal issues which are of relevance to clinical nursing practice in this particular case. Ethical, professional and legal issues Autonomy is defined as the right to determine what happens to one’s own body. As stated by Mill (1982): â€Å"the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant. He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be better for him to do so, because it will make him happier, because, in the opinion of others to do so would be wise, or even right†. Every individual has a right to self-determination and patient autonomy forms part of that right and is protected by law (Hyland 2002). The principle of respect for autonomy forms a key component of nursing ethics (van Thiel and van Delden 2001). The nurse has an obligation to promote autonomy in the patient and work to empower the patient to make autonomous decisions where possible (Hewitt 2002). The Human Rights Act (1988) enables individuals to take action against a health authority that has failed to uphold their right to respect (OPSI 1998). Proot et al. (2002) described a study conducted in 27 health care providers from three different nursing homes, who were interviewed about autonomy issues relating to stroke patients in rehabilitation and nurses’ perceptions of patient autonomy. Study findings showed that self determination, independence and self care were all associated with the process of patients regaining their autonomy. In Alastair’s case, he was no longer independent and able to care for himself following his stroke, and had to rely on others for help with everyday activities. The nurse must therefore decide whether Alastair is capable of making a fully autonomous decision. If they believe this is not the case, they may be able to work with other members of the multidisciplinary care team to increase Alistair’s autonomy and empower him to make the best choices regarding his care. Advocacy forms an integral part of a nurse’s role and is a mandatory activity within the ethical code of all professional nurses. Advocacy involves a professional responsibility to support the patient’s needs and wishes through active involvement in a process of analysis, counselling, responding, shielding and whistle blowing (Hyland 2002; Vaartio et al. 2006). There is a therefore a relationship between nurse advocacy and patient autonomy (Hyland 2002). If nurses are to demonstrate paternalism and/or empower patients to make decisions regarding their care, they themselves must be empowered, particularly as nurses have increasingly greater accountability for their actions (Hewitt 2002; Christensen and Hewitt-Taylor 2006). The United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing Midwifery and Health Visiting states that â€Å"If the nurse does not feel that sufficient information has been given in terms readily understandable to the patient so as to enable him to make a truly informed decision, it is for her to state this opinion and seek to have the situation remedied † (UKCC 1989). It is also suggested that advocacy may place the nurse in situations of conflict, since there may be differences between nurse’s and doctor’s perceptions of autonomy at times (Mallik 2007). Supporting Alastair’s wishes and his decisions regarding his care requires the nurse to possess knowledge of his condition and the likely consequence s of discontinuing treatment. Through this empowerment, the nurse is ideally placed to educate and support Alistair in their role as advocate. Beneficence (doing good) is central to nursing philosophy, but achieving a balance between this and non-maleficence (avoiding harm) can present a challenge for nurses and the two principles may be viewed as separate ends of one continuum (Bartter 2001). In Alistair’s case, the nurse must consider the benefits and risks associated with treatment and with discontinuing treatment, and explain these to Alistair, thereby allowing him to make informed decisions. In situations where the patient is unable to make an autonomous decision, the nurse has a duty of beneficence to act in the patient’s best interests, while also respecting the patient as an individual. This would apply if Alistair was deemed not to be of sound mind and decisions regarding his treatment had to made by his care team. Veracity, or truth telling, is closely associated with informed decision making and is an important component of a trusting nurse-patient relationship. Veracity may present a dilemma for the nurse since there are times when telling the truth may cause harm to an individual (non-maleficence). Conversely there may be situations where telling a lie may actually do good (beneficence), although this goes against the principle of veracity (Ellis and Hartley 2003). The nurse has a duty to tell Alistair the truth about his condition and treatment to ensure that he is fully informed when making decisions regarding whether or not to continue with treatment/rehabilitation. Justice as fairness in nursing refers to the need for nurses to treat people equally, although this does not necessarily mean treating them in the same way (Staunton and Chiarella 2005). Nurses must acknowledge cultural, social and educational diversity and adopt appropriate strategies to achieve equal treatment for all patients. Clinical governance demands the provision of high-quality, patient-centred care and Alistair’s individual situation and specific health needs must be taken into account by the nurse during his care. All nurses, including those practicing within the community, have a duty to maintain confidentiality, although it should be acknowledged that there may be certain situations where confidentiality may be breached (Dimond 2000). Confidentiality is regarded as a critical component of good nursing care and reflects the professional responsibility of the nurse to respect a patient’s rights. The Data Protection Act 1998 also governs the protection of patients’ information (OPSI 1998). The nurse should therefore maintain Alistair’s confidentiality unless there is good reason not to do so. Consent to treatment is central to the nurse-patient relationship and it is the patient’s decision alone as to whether they accept or reject treatment. As nurses broaden their scope of practice, issues surrounding patient consent to treatment are becoming increasingly important (Anon 1997). It is a principle of UK law that a competent adult who has passes the Re C test may refuse treatment even if his life depends on it (Dimond 2004). The Court of Appeal has stated that provided the patient has the necessary mental capacity (assessed in relation to the decision that has to me made), they can refuse to give consent with or without a reason for doing so. In UK law, the court protects the right of the individual in this regard. This was illustrated in a case where the court ruled that â€Å"It is established that the principle of self-determination requires that respect must be given to the wishes of the patient, so that, if an adult patient of sound mind refuses, however unreasonably, to consent to treatment or care by which his life would or might be prolonged, the doctors responsible for his care must give effect to his wishes, eventhough they do not consider it to be in his best interests to do so† (Airedale NHS Trust v Bland [1993] AC 789). More recently was a case in which a woman paralysed from the neck down refused treatment in order to end her life. The woman was assessed to be of sound mind. The Court of Appeal ruling allowed a ventilator keeping the woman alive to be switched off, re-enforcing the duty of the healthcare professional to respect the wishes of a competed patient (Re B v NHS Trust [2002]). [Client: this case is similar to that of Alistair in that the patient was of sound mind and refused treatment. I was unable to find any cases relating to refusal of medical treatment in older adults of sound mind following stroke] In the case of Alistair, he initially was receiving medical treatment but took a subsequent decision to refuse further treatment. An assessment should be made to determine whether Alistair is of sound mind and is capable of making informed decisions regarding his care. If he is indeed competent, the nurse should work to promote Alistair’s autonomy through education and other methods, taking into account the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, veracity and justice, to ensure that he possesses adequate knowledge to make the best decisions on his care. At present, Alistair’s health is reasonably good; however, his decision not to continue with treatment and rehabilitation is likely to have a negative impact on his health and well-being in the longer term. Both of the case laws described above are applicable to the case of Alistair, since, should this case reach the Court of Appeal and he is assessed as competent, the judge is likely to rule that Alistair ’s wishes must be respected and his can continue to refuse treatment (based on the patient information provided in the scenario alone). Conclusions This paper has discussed the ethical, professional and legal issues relating to a specific patient case. It can be seen that these issues are inextricably linked and should all be taken into account in the provision of high-quality, patient-centred nursing care. In this case, self-determination, respecting the patient’s right to autonomy, and nurse advocacy are of particular importance, given that the patient is competent and capable of making informed decisions regarding his care. Other ethical principles including beneficence, non-maleficence, veracity and justice also play a key role in nurses’ ethical decision-making. References Anon 1997, ‘The legal and ethical implication of consent to nursing procedure’, British Journal of Nursing, vol. 6., no. 15, pp. 885–8. Airedale NHS Trust v Bland [1993] AC 789. Retrieved 30th November 2008 from:  http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1992/5.html Bartter, K. 2001, Ethical issues in advanced nursing practice, Butterworth – Heinemann, Oxford. Christensen, M. Hewitt-Taylor, J. 2006, ‘Empowerment in nursing: paternalism or maternalism?’, British Journal of Nursing, vol. 15, no. 13, pp. 695–9. Dimond, B. 2000, ‘Legal issues arising in the community nursing 9: confidentiality’, British Journal of Community Nursing, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 401–3. Dimond, B. 2004, Legal aspects of nursing, Longman, UK. Ellis, J. R. Hartley C. L. 2003, Nursing in today’s world: challenges, issues and trends, Lippincott, New York. Hewitt, J. 2002, ‘A critical review of the arguments debating the role of the nurse advocate’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 439–45. Hyland, D. 2002, ‘An exploration of the relationship between patient autonomy and patient advocacy: implications for nursing practice’, Nursing Ethics, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 472–82. Mill, J. S. 1982, On Liberty, Penguin, Harmondsworth, Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), The Code – standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. Retrieved 30th November 2008 from:  http://www.nmc-uk.org/aFrameDisplay.aspx?DocumentID=3954 Mallik, M. 2007, ‘Advocacy in nursing – perceptions of practicing nurses’, Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 303–13. Proot, I. M., Abu-Saad, H. H., van Oorsouw, G. G., Stevens, J. J. 2002, ‘Autonomy in stroke rehabilitation: the perceptions of care providers in nursing homes’, Nursing Ethics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 36–50. Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) 1998, Human Rights Act 1988. Retrieved 30th November 2008 from:  http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/acts1998/ukpga_19980042_en_1 Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) 1998. Data Protection Act 1998. Retrieved 30th November 2008 from:  1998  http://www.opsi.gov.uk/Acts/Acts1998/ukpga_19980029_en_1 Re B v NHS Trust 2002. Retrieved 30th November 2008 from:  http://www.ipsofactoj.com/international/2003/Part05/int2003(5)-005.htm Staunton, P. Chiarella, M. 2005, Nursing and the law, Elsevier Publishers, USA. Vaartio, H., Leino-Kilpi, H., Salantera, S., Suominen, T. 2006, ‘Nursing advocacy: how is it defined by patients and nurses, what does it involve and how is it experienced?’, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 181–92. van Thiel, G. J. van Delden, J. J. 2001, ‘The principle of respect for autonomy in the case of nursing home residents’, Nursing Ethics, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 419–31. UKCC 1989, Exercising accountability – a framework to assist nurses, midwives and health visitors to consider ethical aspects of professional practice. Retrieved 30th November from:  http://www.bristol-inquiry.org.uk/final_report/annex_a/chapter_17_7.htm#1029984